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Description: Antibacterial obtained from Streptomyces orientalis. It is a glycopeptide related to ristocetin that inhibits bacterial cell wall assembly and is toxic to kidneys and the inner ear. [PubChem]
Drug Type: Small Molecule; Approved
Pharmacology: Vancomycin is a branched tricyclic glycosylated nonribosomal peptide produced by the fermentation of the Actinobacteria species Amycolatopsis orientalis (formerly Nocardia orientalis). It is often reserved as the 'drug of last resort', used only after treatment with other antibiotics had failed. Vancomycin has been shown to be active against most strains of the following microorganisms, both in vitro and in clinical infections: Listeria monocytogenes, Streptococcus pyogenes, Streptococcus pneumoniae (including penicillin-resistant strains), Streptococcus agalactiae, Actinomyces species, and Lactobacillus species. The combination of vancomycin and an aminoglycoside acts synergistically in vitro against many strains of Staphylococcus aureus, Streptococcus bovis, enterococci, and the viridans group streptococci.
Mechanism of Action: The bactericidal action of vancomycin results primarily from inhibition of cell-wall biosynthesis. Specifically, vancomycin prevents incorporation of N-acetylmuramic acid (NAM)- and N-acetylglucosamine (NAG)-peptide subunits from being incorporated into the peptidoglycan matrix; which forms the major structural component of Gram-positive cell walls. The large hydrophilic molecule is able to form hydrogen bond interactions with the terminal D-alanyl-D-alanine moieties of the NAM/NAG-peptides. Normally this is a five-point interaction. This binding of vancomycin to the D-Ala-D-Ala prevents the incorporation of the NAM/NAG-peptide subunits into the peptidoglycan matrix. In addition, vancomycin alters bacterial-cell-membrane permeability and RNA synthesis. There is no cross-resistance between vancomycin and other antibiotics. Vancomycin is not active in vitro against gram-negative bacilli, mycobacteria, or fungi.
Indication: For the treatment of serious or severe infections caused by susceptible strains of methicillin-resistant (beta-lactam-resistant) staphylococci.
Half Life: Half-life in normal renal patients is approximately 6 hours (range 4 to 11 hours). In anephric patients, the average half-life of elimination is 7.5 days.
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Data Correlations | 2 studies

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Genes category icon Genes
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DBP 100 100
LCN2 99 99
A430110A21Rik 94 94
PDK4 94 94
PIM3 93 93
SAA1 92 92
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Biogroups category icon Biogroups
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Alkaloid Biosynthesis II 100 100
Claudin 100 100
Mitochondrial carrier protein 99 99
PMP-22/EMP/MP20/Claudin 98 98
MAGE protein 98 98
Ribosome 98 98
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Individual Studies

  • Vancomycin nephrotoxicity

    Mus musculus Mus musculus | RNA Expression   RNA Expression

    Vancomycin is nephrotoxic, but the mechanism of toxicity is still unclear. Mice were given IV injectsions of different concentrations of vancomycin to gain insights into the molecular mechanisms of vancomycin nephrotoxicity at the genomic level and evaluate potential biomarkers (gene expression prof…

    Authors: Dieterich Christine, Ng Hanna

    Organization: SRI International 333 Ravenswood Avenue …

  • Broad Connectivity Map (CMAP 2.0) compound database

    Homo sapiens Homo sapiens | RNA Expression   RNA Expression

    A reference collection of genome-wide transcriptional expression data from cultured human cells treated with bioactive small molecules that enable the discovery of functional connections between drugs, genes and diseases through the transitory feature of common gene-expression changes.

    Authors: Lamb J

    Organization: Broad Institute Seven Cambridge Center C…
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Associated Researchers

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Thought leaders and organizations working on research involving vancomycin.

View All Author iconAuthors
  • Patrice Courvalin
  • Longzhu Cui
  • Keiichi Hiramatsu
  • George Sakoulas
  • Hui-min Neoh
View All Clinical trial sponsors icon Clinical Trials Sponsors
  • Theravance
  • Genzyme
  • Pfizer
  • VA Medical Center, Houston
  • National Taiwan University Hospital
View All Affiliations icon Organizations
  • Institut Pasteur
  • Juntendo University
  • Boston College
  • Lung and Blood Institute
  • University of Colorado

Clinical Trials | 198 trials

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