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Description: 3-((4-Amino-2-methyl-5-pyrimidinyl)methyl)-5-(2- hydroxyethyl)-4-methylthiazolium chloride. [PubChem]
Drug Type: Small Molecule; Nutraceutical; Approved
Pharmacology: Thiamine is a vitamin with antioxidant, erythropoietic, cognition-and mood-modulatory, antiatherosclerotic, putative ergogenic, and detoxification activities. Thiamine has been found to protect against lead-induced lipid peroxidation in rat liver and kidney. Thiamine deficiency results in selective neuronal death in animal models. The neuronal death is associated with increased free radical production, suggesting that oxidative stress may play an important early role in brain damage associated with thiamine deficiency. Thiamine plays a key role in intracellular glucose metabolism and it is thought that thiamine inhibits the effect of glucose and insulin on arterial smooth muscle cell proliferation. Inhibition of endothelial cell proliferation may also promote atherosclerosis. Endothelial cells in culture have been found to have a decreased proliferative rate and delayed migration in response to hyperglycemic conditions. Thiamine has been shown to inhibit this effect of glucose on endothelial cells.
Mechanism of Action: It is thought that the mechanism of action of thiamine on endothelial cells is related to a reduction in intracellular protein glycation by redirecting the glycolytic flux.
Indication: For the treatment of thiamine and niacin deficiency states, Korsakov's alcoholic psychosis, Wernicke-Korsakov syndrome, delirium, and peripheral neuritis.
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Data Correlations | 1 study

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Genes category icon Genes
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TKTL1 100 100
TPK1 99 99
THTPA 98 98
TKT 97 97
SLC19A2 96 96
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Biogroups category icon Biogroups
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Thiamine Metabolism 100 100
Pentose Phosphate Pathway 93 93
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Individual Studies

  • Drug target sets for approved compounds

    Homo sapiens Homo sapiens | Therapeutic   Therapeutic

    The DrugBank database is a unique bioinformatics and cheminformatics resource that combines detailed drug (i.e. chemical, pharmacological and pharmaceutical) data with comprehensive drug target (i.e. sequence, structure, and pathway) information.

    Authors: David S Wishart, Craig Knox, An Chi Guo et al.

    Organization: Department of Computing Science, Univers…
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Associated Researchers

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Thought leaders and organizations working on research involving thiamin.

View All Author iconAuthors
  • Tadhg P Begley
  • Steven E Ealick
  • Abhishek Chatterjee
  • Christopher T Jurgenson
  • Frank Jordan
View All Clinical trial sponsors icon Clinical Trials Sponsors
  • Harvard School of Public Health
  • National Center for Complementary and Alternative Medicine (NCCAM)
  • Institute of Tropical Medicine, Belgium
  • St. Michael's Hospital, Toronto
  • National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID)
View All Affiliations icon Organizations
  • Cornell University
  • University of Toronto
  • Yale University
  • Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México
  • Rutgers University

Clinical Trials | 49 trials

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