quinidine - NextBio

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Search Term: quinidine (treatment)

Overview

Description:	An alkaloid derived from the bark of the cinchona tree. It is used as an antimalarial drug, and is the active ingredient in extracts of the cinchona that have been used for that purpose since before 1633. Quinine is also a mild antipyretic and analgesic and has been used in common cold preparations for that purpose. It was used commonly and as a bitter and flavoring agent, and is still useful for the treatment of babesiosis. Quinine is also useful in some muscular disorders, especially nocturnal leg cramps and myotonia congenita, because of its direct effects on muscle membrane and sodium channels. The mechanisms of its antimalarial effects are not well understood. [PubChem]
Drug Type:	Small Molecule; Approved
Pharmacology:	Quinine is used parenterally to treat life-threatening infections caused by chloroquine-resistant Plasmodium falciparum malaria. Quinine acts as a blood schizonticide although it also has gametocytocidal activity against P. vivax and P. malariae. Because it is a weak base, it is concentrated in the food vacuoles of P. falciparum. It is thought to act by inhibiting heme polymerase, thereby allowing accumulation of its cytotoxic substrate, heme. As a schizonticidal drug, it is less effective and more toxic than chloroquine. However, it has a special place in the management of severe falciparum malaria in areas with known resistance to chloroquine.
Mechanism of Action:	The theorized mechanism of action for quinine and related anti-malarial drugs is that these drugs are toxic to the malaria parasite. Specifically, the drugs interfere with the parasite's ability to break down and digest hemoglobin. Consequently, the parasite starves and/or builds up toxic levels of partially degraded hemoglobin in itself.
Indication:	For the treatment of malaria and leg cramps
Half Life:	Approximately 18 hours

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Data Correlations | 2 studies

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Genes

Score

SCN5A

100

HBA1

100

HMOX1

TFRC

ALAS1

ZMYND8

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Biogroups

Score

Hemoglobin's Chaperone

100

The Role of FYVE-finger Proteins In…

Tudor

Heme Biosynthesis

Metallo proteases

Porphyrin and Chlorophyll Metabolis…

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Individual Studies
Drug target sets for approved compounds Homo sapiens \| Therapeutic The DrugBank database is a unique bioinformatics and cheminformatics resource that combines detailed drug (i.e. chemical, pharmacological and pharmaceutical) data with comprehensive drug target (i.e. sequence, structure, and pathway) information. Authors: David S Wishart, Craig Knox, An Chi Guo et al. Organization: Department of Computing Science, Univers…	Broad Connectivity Map (CMAP 2.0) compound database Homo sapiens \| RNA Expression A reference collection of genome-wide transcriptional expression data from cultured human cells treated with bioactive small molecules that enable the discovery of functional connections between drugs, genes and diseases through the transitory feature of common gene-expression changes. Authors: Lamb J Organization: Broad Institute Seven Cambridge Center C…

Individual Studies

Drug target sets for approved compounds

Homo sapiens | Therapeutic

The DrugBank database is a unique bioinformatics and cheminformatics resource that combines detailed drug (i.e. chemical, pharmacological and pharmaceutical) data with comprehensive drug target (i.e. sequence, structure, and pathway) information.

Authors: David S Wishart, Craig Knox, An Chi Guo et al.

Organization: Department of Computing Science, Univers…

Broad Connectivity Map (CMAP 2.0) compound database

Homo sapiens | RNA Expression

A reference collection of genome-wide transcriptional expression data from cultured human cells treated with bioactive small molecules that enable the discovery of functional connections between drugs, genes and diseases through the transitory feature of common gene-expression changes.

Authors: Lamb J

Organization: Broad Institute Seven Cambridge Center C…