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Description: A local anesthetic of the ester type that has a slow onset and a short duration of action. It is mainly used for infiltration anesthesia, peripheral nerve block, and spinal block. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p1016). [PubChem]
Drug Type: Small Molecule; Approved; Investigational
Pharmacology: Procaine is an anesthetic agent indicated for production of local or regional anesthesia, particularly for oral surgery. Procaine (like cocaine) has the advantage of constricting blood vessels which reduces bleeding, unlike other local anesthetics like lidocaine. Procaine is an ester anesthetic. It is metabolized in the plasma by the enzyme pseudocholinesterase through hydrolysis into para-aminobenzoic acid (PABA), which is then excreted by the kidneys into the urine.
Mechanism of Action: Procaine acts mainly by inhibiting sodium influx through voltage gated sodium channels in the neuronal cell membrane of peripheral nerves. When the influx of sodium is interrupted, an action potential cannot arise and signal conduction is thus inhibited. The receptor site is thought to be located at the cytoplasmic (inner) portion of the sodium channel. Procaine has also been shown to bind or antagonize the function of N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) receptors as well as nicotinic acetylcholine receptors and the serotonin receptor-ion channel complex.
Indication: Used as a local anesthetic primarily in oral surgery
Half Life: 7.7 minutes
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Data Correlations | 3 studies

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Genes category icon Genes
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CHRNA10 100 100
SLC6A3 100 100
GRIN3A 100 100
SCN10A 100 100
HTR3A 100 100
PKD2L1 95 95
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Biogroups category icon Biogroups
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I43 - oprin 100 100
Helix-turn-helix motif, lambda-like… 99 99
Claudin 97 97
Homeodomain-like 96 96
Zinc finger, CCHC-type 95 95
SEA Protein Family 95 95
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Individual Studies

  • Drug target sets for approved compounds

    Homo sapiens Homo sapiens | Therapeutic   Therapeutic

    The DrugBank database is a unique bioinformatics and cheminformatics resource that combines detailed drug (i.e. chemical, pharmacological and pharmaceutical) data with comprehensive drug target (i.e. sequence, structure, and pathway) information.

    Authors: David S Wishart, Craig Knox, An Chi Guo et al.

    Organization: Department of Computing Science, Univers…

  • OMIM - Specific enzyme deficiency

    Homo sapiens Homo sapiens | Mutations/Phenotypic   Mutations/Phenotypic

    This study contains curated human phenotype data extracted from OMIM. Additional computational processing and curation of the phenotype data was performed to further organize and group data from related phenotypes into unifying disease categories.

    Source: NextBio Library/Mutation and Phenotypic data
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Associated Researchers

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Thought leaders and organizations working on research involving procaine.

View All Author iconAuthors
  • Claude Desplan
  • Roos van Swigchem
  • Christopher J Kirk
  • Rasmus Bro
  • Zhi Gao
View All Clinical trial sponsors icon Clinical Trials Sponsors
  • Samaritan Pharmaceuticals, Inc
  • National Institute of Mental Health (NIMH)
  • L.A.L Clinica Pesquisa e Desenvolvimento Ltda.
  • Aga Khan University
  • GenVec
View All Affiliations icon Organizations
  • New York University
  • Purdue University
  • Albert Einstein College of Medicine
  • Saitama Medical University
  • University of Minnesota

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