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Description: A water-soluble vitamin of the B complex occurring in various animal and plant tissues. It is required by the body for the formation of coenzymes NAD and NADP. It has pellagra-curative, vasodilating, and antilipemic properties. [PubChem]
Drug Type: Small Molecule; Nutraceutical; Approved; Investigational
Pharmacology: Niacin and niacinamide are indicated for prevention and treatment of vitamin B3 deficiency states. Vitamin B3 (Niacin) also acts to reduce LDL cholesterol, triglycerides, and HDL cholesterol. The magnitude of individual lipid and lipoprotein responses may be influenced by the severity and type of underlying lipid abnormality. The increase in total HDL is associated with a shift in the distribution of HDL subfractions (as defined by ultra-centrifugation) with an increase in the HDL2:HDL3 ratio and an increase in apolipoprotein A-I content. Vitamin B3 (Niacin) treatment also decreases the serum levels of apolipoprotein B-100 (apo B), the major protein component of the VLDL (very low-density lipoprotein) and LDL fractions, and of lipoprotein-a, a variant form of LDL independently associated with coronary risk.
Mechanism of Action: Niacin binds to Nicotinate D-ribonucleotide phyrophsopate phosphoribosyltransferase, Nicotinic acid phosphoribosyltransferase, Nicotinate N-methyltransferase and the Niacin receptor. Niacin is the precursor to nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD) and nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate (NADP), which are vital cofactors for dozens of enzymes. The mechanism by which niacin exerts its lipid lowering effects is not entirely understood, but may involve several actions, including a decrease in esterification of hepatic triglycerides. Niacin treatment also decreases the serum levels of apolipoprotein B-100 (apo B), the major protein component of the VLDL (very low-density lipoprotein) and LDL fractions.
Indication: For the treatment of type IV and V hyperlipidemia. It is indicated as ajunctive therapy.
Half Life: 20-45 minutes.
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Data Correlations | 6 studies

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Genes category icon Genes
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GPR109A 100 100
NNMT 100 100
QPRT 100 100
PIP5K1A 94 94
COG5 92 92
RETN 91 91
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Biogroups category icon Biogroups
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Atrazine Degradation 100 100
Longin-like 100 100
IL-18 Pathway 100 100
Caffeine Metabolism 99 99
Regulator of chromosome condensatio… 98 98
Potassium channel, voltage dependen… 98 98
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Individual Studies

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    Homo sapiens Homo sapiens | Therapeutic   Therapeutic

    The DrugBank database is a unique bioinformatics and cheminformatics resource that combines detailed drug (i.e. chemical, pharmacological and pharmaceutical) data with comprehensive drug target (i.e. sequence, structure, and pathway) information.

    Authors: David S Wishart, Craig Knox, An Chi Guo et al.

    Organization: Department of Computing Science, Univers…

  • Liver Pharmacology and Xenobiotic Response Repertoire

    Rattus norvegicus Rattus norvegicus | RNA Expression   RNA Expression

    A definition of RNA expression changes that correlate with liver response programs and an understanding of the similarities and differences in responses to different classes of chemicals would aid in new chemical or drug characterization and add to our understanding of liver biology.

    Authors: Natsoulis G, Pearson CI, Gollub J et al.

    Organization: Iconix Biosciences 325 E. Middlefield Rd…
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Associated Researchers

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Thought leaders and organizations working on research involving niacin.

View All Author iconAuthors
  • Kenneth K Wu
  • Hong C Shen
  • Janet E Digby
  • Tsuei-Ju Wu
  • Robin P Choudhury
View All Clinical trial sponsors icon Clinical Trials Sponsors
  • Merck
  • Kos Pharmaceuticals
  • National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute (NHLBI)
  • University of Pennsylvania
  • Palo Alto Medical Foundation
View All Affiliations icon Organizations
  • University of Heidelberg
  • University of Oxford
  • Duke University Medical Center
  • Burnham Institute for Medical Research
  • Philipps-Universität Marburg

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