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Description: The active sympathomimetic hormone from the adrenal medulla in most species. It stimulates both the alpha- and beta- adrenergic systems, causes systemic vasoconstriction and gastrointestinal relaxation, stimulates the heart, and dilates bronchi and cerebral vessels. It is used in asthma and cardiac failure and to delay absorption of local anesthetics. [PubChem]
Drug Type: Small Molecule; Approved
Pharmacology: Epinephrine is indicated for intravenous injection in treatment of acute hypersensitivity, treatment of acute asthmatic attacks to relieve bronchospasm, and treatment and prophylaxis of cardiac arrest and attacks of transitory atrioventricular heart block with syncopal seizures (Stokes-Adams Syndrome). The actions of epinephrine resemble the effects of stimulation of adrenergic nerves. To a variable degree it acts on both alpha and beta receptor sites of sympathetic effector cells. Its most prominent actions are on the beta receptors of the heart, vascular and other smooth muscle. When given by rapid intravenous injection, it produces a rapid rise in blood pressure, mainly systolic, by (1) direct stimulation of cardiac muscle which increases the strength of ventricular contraction, (2) increasing the heart rate and (3) constriction of the arterioles in the skin, mucosa and splanchnic areas of the circulation. When given by slow intravenous injection, epinephrine usually produces only a moderate rise in systolic and a fall in diastolic pressure. Although some increase in pulse pressure occurs, there is usually no great elevation in mean blood pressure. Accordingly, the compensatory reflex mechanisms that come into play with a pronounced increase in blood pressure do not antagonize the direct cardiac actions of epinephrine as much as with catecholamines that have a predominant action on alpha receptors.
Mechanism of Action: Epinephrine works via the stimulation of alpha and beta-1 adrenergic receptors, and a moderate activity at beta-2 adrenergic receptors.
Indication: Used to treat anaphylaxis and sepsis.
Half Life: 2 minutes
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Data Correlations | 10 studies

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Genes category icon Genes
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ADRB1 100 100
ADRA1A 98 98
ADRB2 96 96
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Biogroups category icon Biogroups
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Monoamine GPCRs 100 100
Phospholipase C-epsilon (PLCE) Path… 98 98
CFTR Pathway 98 98
Rhodopsin Like 97 97
Calcium Regulation In Cardiac Cells 97 97
Calcium Signaling Pathway 96 96
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Individual Studies

  • Microdissected kidney structure gene profiling using the MOE430 platform

    Mus musculus Mus musculus | RNA Expression   RNA Expression

    Our laboratory's interest is in understanding the molecular principles that underlie the regional organization of the mammalian metanephric kidney. Our goal is to generate a detailed spatial map of the cellular expression of selected regulatory genes during mammalian kidney development. The goal of…

    Authors: McMahon P Andrew, Valerius T M

    Organization: MRC Human Genetics Unit Crewe Road Edinb…

  • Microdissected kidney structure gene profiling using the U74 platform

    Mus musculus Mus musculus | RNA Expression   RNA Expression

    Our laboratory's interest is in understanding the molecular principles that underlie the regional organization of the mammalian metanephric kidney. Our goal is to generate a detailed spatial map of the cellular expression of selected regulatory genes during mammalian kidney development. The goal of…

    Authors: McMahon P Andrew, Valerius T M

    Organization: MRC Human Genetics Unit Crewe Road Edinb…
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Associated Researchers

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Thought leaders and organizations working on research involving epinephrine.

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  • Rahima Zennadi
  • Peter Caravan
  • Marilyn J Telen
  • Pierre-Edouard Bollaert
  • Kirsten Overoye-Chan
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  • Matrix Pharmaceutical
  • Emory University
  • University of Athens
  • University Hospital Orebro
  • Vanderbilt University
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  • Duke University Medical Center
  • Mayo Clinic College of Medicine
  • University of Cambridge
  • University of Versailles Saint Quentin
  • University of Lübeck

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