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Description: An extremely stable inhalation anesthetic that allows rapid adjustments of anesthesia depth with little change in pulse or respiratory rate. [PubChem]
Drug Type: Small Molecule; Approved
Pharmacology: Enflurane is an extremely stable halogenated ether inhalation anesthetic that allows rapid adjustments of anesthesia depth with little change in pulse or respiratory rate. Enflurane induces muscle relaxation and reduces pains sensitivity by altering tissue excitability. Induction of and recovery from anesthesia with enflurane are rapid. Enflurane may provide a mild stimulus to salivation or tracheobronchial secretions. Pharyngeal and laryngeal reflexes are readily obtunded. In the cardiovascular system, enflurane is a mild negative inotrope, causing a marked decrease in systemic vascular resistance, thus leading to a decrease in mean arterial pressure. This results in a reflex tachycardia. Enflurane also decreases coronary vascular resistance and sensitizes the myocardium to circulating catecholamines. Enflurane is a strong respiratory depressant. It decreases tidal volume but may increase respiratory rate. It also causes bronchodilatationa and inhibits pulmonary macrophage activity and mucociliary activity. Enflurane principle action in the CNS is general anaesthesia with little analgesic effect. It causes increased cerebral blood flow in concentrations and may induce tonic/clonic muscle activity and epileptiform EEG traces. It also causes a marked decrease in skeletal muscle tone. Actions in the genitourinary system include a decreased renal blood flow and glomerular filtration rate and the tone of pregnant uterus is decreased.
Mechanism of Action: Enflurane induces a reduction in junctional conductance by decreasing gap junction channel opening times and increasing gap junction channel closing times. Enflurane also activates calcium dependent ATPase in the sarcoplasmic reticulum by increasing the fluidity of the lipid membrane. It also appears to bind the D subunit of ATP synthase and NADH dehydogenase. Enflurane also binds to the GABA receptor, the large conductance Ca2+ activated potassium channel, the glutamate receptor and the glycine receptor.
Indication: Used for the induction and maintenance of general anaesthesia during surgery and cesarean section and also used for analgesia during vaginal delivery.
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Data Correlations | 1 study

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Genes category icon Genes
Score Help
MT-ND1 100 100
GABRA1 87 87
GLRA1 86 86
GRIA1 85 85
KCNA1 84 84
ATP5D 83 83
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Biogroups category icon Biogroups
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Cardiac Protection Against Ros 100 100
Neurotransmitter-gated ion-channel … 98 98
Gamma-Aminobutyric Acid Receptor Li… 97 97
Neurotransmitter-gated ion-channel … 97 97
Neurotransmitter-gated ion-channel 97 97
Neuroactive Ligand Receptor Interac… 93 93
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Individual Studies

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    Homo sapiens Homo sapiens | Therapeutic   Therapeutic

    The DrugBank database is a unique bioinformatics and cheminformatics resource that combines detailed drug (i.e. chemical, pharmacological and pharmaceutical) data with comprehensive drug target (i.e. sequence, structure, and pathway) information.

    Authors: David S Wishart, Craig Knox, An Chi Guo et al.

    Organization: Department of Computing Science, Univers…
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Associated Researchers

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Thought leaders and organizations working on research involving enflurane.

View All Author iconAuthors
  • Joan J Kendig
  • Ti-Jun Dai
  • James M Sonner
  • Gong Cheng
  • Edmond I Eger
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  • East Kent Hospitals Trust
  • University of Virginia
  • Nanjing Medical University
View All Affiliations icon Organizations
  • Stanford University School of Medicine
  • University of Auckland
  • National Institute of Mental Health
  • Xuzhou Medical College and Jiangsu Province Institute of Anesthesiolog…
  • University of Rochester Medical Center

Clinical Trials | 3 trials

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  • Knut Wittkowski Knut  Wittkowski

    Head, Biostatistics, Epidemiology, and Research Design

    The Rockefeller University Center for Clinical and Translational Science

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