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Description: Zolpidem is a prescription short-acting nonbenzodiazepine hypnotic that potentiates gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA), an inhibitory neurotransmitter, by binding to benzodiazepine receptors which are located on the gamma-aminobutyric acid receptors. Zolpidem is used for the short-term treatment of insomnia. It works quickly (usually within 15 minutes) and has a short half-life (2-3 hours). It is classified as an imidazopyridine. As an anticonvulsant and muscle relaxant, the beneficial effects start to emerge at 10 and 20 times the dose required for sedation, respectively. For that reason, it has never been approved for either muscle relaxation or seizure prevention. Recently, zolpidem has been cited in various medical reports mainly in the United Kingdom as waking persistent vegetative state (PVS) patients, and dramatically improving the conditions of people with brain injuries. [Wikipedia]
Drug Type: Small Molecule; Approved
Pharmacology: Zolpidem is a sedative or hypnotic agent with a chemical structure unrelated to benzodiazepines, barbiturates, or other drugs with known hypnotic properties. It interacts with a GABA-BZ receptor complex and shares some of the pharmacological properties of the benzodiazepines. In contrast to the benzodiazepines, which non-selectively bind to and activate all three alpha receptor subtypes, zolpidem in vitro binds the (alpha1) receptor preferentially. The (alpha1) receptor is found primarily on the Lamina IV of the sensorimotor cortical regions, substantia nigra (pars reticulata), cerebellum molecular layer, olfactory bulb, ventral thalamic complex, pons, inferior colliculus, and globus pallidus.
Mechanism of Action: Zolpidem modulates the alpha-subunit, known as the benzodiazepine receptor, within the GABAA receptor chloride channel macromolecular complex. Unlike the benzodiazepines, which non-selectively interact with all three alpha-receptor subtypes, Zolpidem preferentially binds to the alpha-1 receptor.
Indication: For the short-term treatment of insomnia.
Half Life: 2.6 hours
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Data Correlations | 1 study

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Genes category icon Genes
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GABRA1 100 100
TSPO 96 96
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Biogroups category icon Biogroups
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Cardiac Protection Against Ros 100 100
Gamma-Aminobutyric Acid Receptor Li… 97 97
Neurotransmitter-gated ion-channel … 95 95
Neurotransmitter-gated ion-channel … 95 95
Neurotransmitter-gated ion-channel 95 95
Neuroactive Ligand Receptor Interac… 92 92
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Individual Studies

  • Drug target sets for approved compounds

    Homo sapiens Homo sapiens | Therapeutic   Therapeutic

    The DrugBank database is a unique bioinformatics and cheminformatics resource that combines detailed drug (i.e. chemical, pharmacological and pharmaceutical) data with comprehensive drug target (i.e. sequence, structure, and pathway) information.

    Authors: David S Wishart, Craig Knox, An Chi Guo et al.

    Organization: Department of Computing Science, Univers…
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Associated Researchers

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Thought leaders and organizations working on research involving Zolpidem Tartrate.

View All Author iconAuthors
  • J Benavides
  • Richard I Shader
  • Jerold S Harmatz
  • Hermann R Ochs
  • Thomas Roth
View All Clinical trial sponsors icon Clinical Trials Sponsors
  • Sanofi-Aventis
  • Roxane Laboratories
  • Teva Pharmaceuticals USA
  • Mutual Pharmaceutical Company, Inc.
  • Torrent Pharmaceuticals Limited
View All Affiliations icon Organizations
  • Tufts University School of Medicine
  • Henry Ford Hospital Sleep Disorders and Research
  • Max-Planck Institute for Solid State Research
  • University of Tennessee
  • University of Barcelona

Clinical Trials | 18 trials

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