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Description: A branched-chain essential amino acid that has stimulant activity. It promotes muscle growth and tissue repair. It is a precursor in the penicillin biosynthetic pathway. [PubChem]
Drug Type: Small Molecule; Nutraceutical; Approved
Pharmacology: L-valine is a branched-chain essential amino acid (BCAA) that has stimulant activity. It promotes muscle growth and tissue repair. It is a precursor in the penicillin biosynthetic pathway. Valine is one of three branched-chain amino acids (the others are leucine and isoleucine) that enhance energy, increase endurance, and aid in muscle tissue recovery and repair. This group also lowers elevated blood sugar levels and increases growth hormone production. Supplemental valine should always be combined with isoleucine and leucine at a respective milligram ratio of 2:1:2. It is an essential amino acid found in proteins; important for optimal growth in infants and for growth in children and nitrogen balance in adults. The lack of L-valine may influence the growth of body, cause neuropathic obstacle, anaemia. It has wide applications in the field of pharmaceutical and food industry.
Mechanism of Action: (Applies to Valine, Leucine and Isoleucine)
This group of essential amino acids are identified as the branched-chain amino acids, BCAAs. Because this arrangement of carbon atoms cannot be made by humans, these amino acids are an essential element in the diet. The catabolism of all three compounds initiates in muscle and yields NADH and FADH2 which can be utilized for ATP generation. The catabolism of all three of these amino acids uses the same enzymes in the first two steps. The first step in each case is a transamination using a single BCAA aminotransferase, with a-ketoglutarate as amine acceptor. As a result, three different a-keto acids are produced and are oxidized using a common branched-chain a-keto acid dehydrogenase, yielding the three different CoA derivatives. Subsequently the metabolic pathways diverge, producing many intermediates.
The principal product from valine is propionylCoA, the glucogenic precursor of succinyl-CoA. Isoleucine catabolism terminates with production of acetylCoA and propionylCoA; thus isoleucine is both glucogenic and ketogenic. Leucine gives rise to acetylCoA and acetoacetylCoA, and is thus classified as strictly ketogenic.
There are a number of genetic diseases associated with faulty catabolism of the BCAAs. The most common defect is in the branched-chain a-keto acid dehydrogenase. Since there is only one dehydrogenase enzyme for all three amino acids, all three a-keto acids accumulate and are excreted in the urine. The disease is known as Maple syrup urine disease because of the characteristic odor of the urine in afflicted individuals. Mental retardation in these cases is extensive. Unfortunately, since these are essential amino acids, they cannot be heavily restricted in the diet; ultimately, the life of afflicted individuals is short and development is abnormal The main neurological problems are due to poor formation of myelin in the CNS.
Indication: Promotes mental vigor, muscle coordination, and calm emotions. May also be of use in a minority of patients with hepatic encephalopathy and in some with phenylketonuria.
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Data Correlations | 9 studies

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Individual Studies

  • Lung cancer cells treated with actinomycin D and sapphyrin

    Homo sapiens Homo sapiens | RNA Expression   RNA Expression

    The goal of this project was to characterize changes in gene expression in response to the anti-cancer agent sapphyrin PCI-2050. Cultured A549 human lung cancer cells were treated with sapphyrin PCI-2050 or actinomycin D, a known transcripitonal inhibitor. The gene expression profiles of drug-treate…

    Authors: Hacia JG, Magda D

    Organization: University of Southern California Bioche…

  • Nonsense-mediated mRNA decay (NMD) inhibition in Mantle Cell Lymphoma

    Homo sapiens Homo sapiens | RNA Expression   RNA Expression

    Identification of potential tumor suppressor genes using the GINI strategy in five Mantle Cell Lymphoma cell lines (UPN-1, JEKO-1, REC-1, HBL-2, and GRANTA-519).

    Authors: Pinyol Magda, Bea Silvia, Plà Laura et al.

    Organization: IDIBAPS Genomics Unit c/ Villarroel 170 …
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Associated Researchers

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Thought leaders and organizations working on research involving Valine.

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  • Bernhard J Eikmanns
  • Bastian Blombach
  • Lewis E Kay
  • Daniel R Weinberger
  • Joseph H Callicott
View All Clinical trial sponsors icon Clinical Trials Sponsors
  • National Cancer Institute (NCI)
  • Hospital de Clinicas de Porto Alegre
  • National Institutes of Health Clinical Center (CC)
  • GlaxoSmithKline
  • Hospital Universitari Vall d'Hebron Research Institute
View All Affiliations icon Organizations
  • University of Ulm
  • University of Toronto
  • National Institute of Mental Health
  • Albert Einstein College of Medicine
  • University of California

Clinical Trials | 19 trials

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Community

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  • Perumal Anandagopu Perumal  Anandagopu

    Research Staff, Bioinformatics Research Center at School of Computer Engineering

    Nanyang Technological University

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