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Description: An alkaloid derived from the bark of the cinchona tree. It is used as an antimalarial drug, and is the active ingredient in extracts of the cinchona that have been used for that purpose since before 1633. Quinine is also a mild antipyretic and analgesic and has been used in common cold preparations for that purpose. It was used commonly and as a bitter and flavoring agent, and is still useful for the treatment of babesiosis. Quinine is also useful in some muscular disorders, especially nocturnal leg cramps and myotonia congenita, because of its direct effects on muscle membrane and sodium channels. The mechanisms of its antimalarial effects are not well understood. [PubChem]
Drug Type: Small Molecule; Approved
Pharmacology: Quinine is used parenterally to treat life-threatening infections caused by chloroquine-resistant Plasmodium falciparum malaria. Quinine acts as a blood schizonticide although it also has gametocytocidal activity against P. vivax and P. malariae. Because it is a weak base, it is concentrated in the food vacuoles of P. falciparum. It is thought to act by inhibiting heme polymerase, thereby allowing accumulation of its cytotoxic substrate, heme. As a schizonticidal drug, it is less effective and more toxic than chloroquine. However, it has a special place in the management of severe falciparum malaria in areas with known resistance to chloroquine.
Mechanism of Action: The theorized mechanism of action for quinine and related anti-malarial drugs is that these drugs are toxic to the malaria parasite. Specifically, the drugs interfere with the parasite's ability to break down and digest hemoglobin. Consequently, the parasite starves and/or builds up toxic levels of partially degraded hemoglobin in itself.
Indication: For the treatment of malaria and leg cramps
Half Life: Approximately 18 hours
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Data Correlations | 2 studies

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Genes category icon Genes
Score Help
SCN5A 100 100
HBA1 100 100
HMOX1 99 99
TFRC 94 94
ALAS1 90 90
ZMYND8 81 81
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Biogroups category icon Biogroups
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Hemoglobin's Chaperone 100 100
The Role of FYVE-finger Proteins In… 93 93
Tudor 90 90
Heme Biosynthesis 90 90
Metallo proteases 89 89
Porphyrin and Chlorophyll Metabolis… 89 89
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Individual Studies

  • Drug target sets for approved compounds

    Homo sapiens Homo sapiens | Therapeutic   Therapeutic

    The DrugBank database is a unique bioinformatics and cheminformatics resource that combines detailed drug (i.e. chemical, pharmacological and pharmaceutical) data with comprehensive drug target (i.e. sequence, structure, and pathway) information.

    Authors: David S Wishart, Craig Knox, An Chi Guo et al.

    Organization: Department of Computing Science, Univers…

  • Broad Connectivity Map (CMAP 2.0) compound database

    Homo sapiens Homo sapiens | RNA Expression   RNA Expression

    A reference collection of genome-wide transcriptional expression data from cultured human cells treated with bioactive small molecules that enable the discovery of functional connections between drugs, genes and diseases through the transitory feature of common gene-expression changes.

    Authors: Lamb J

    Organization: Broad Institute Seven Cambridge Center C…
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Associated Researchers

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Thought leaders and organizations working on research involving Quinine.

View All Author iconAuthors
  • Richard H Aster
  • Thomas E Wellems
  • Roland A Cooper
  • Michael T Ferdig
  • Harald Noedl
View All Clinical trial sponsors icon Clinical Trials Sponsors
  • Mutual Pharmaceutical Company, Inc.
  • National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID)
  • Makerere University
  • Avanir Pharmaceuticals
  • National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute (NHLBI)
View All Affiliations icon Organizations
  • Blood Research Institute
  • Mahidol University
  • Medical University of Vienna
  • University Park
  • University of Bristol

Clinical Trials | 486 trials

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News | 7 stories

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